{"id":2078,"date":"2011-03-21T17:39:19","date_gmt":"2011-03-21T17:39:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/?p=2078"},"modified":"2015-09-21T13:13:23","modified_gmt":"2015-09-21T13:13:23","slug":"the-eighth-hour-___-ghost-stories-_hokusai-yoshitoshi-okyo-mori-yanagi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/the-eighth-hour-___-ghost-stories-_hokusai-yoshitoshi-okyo-mori-yanagi\/","title":{"rendered":"THE EIGHTH HOUR ___ Ghost stories in the artwork of Katsushika Hokusai, Tsukiyoka Yoshitoshi, Maruyama \u014ckyo, Mariko Mori and Miwa Yanagi"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Utagawa-Kuniyoshi-Takiyasha_the_Witch_and_the_Skeleton_Spectre.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5402\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Utagawa-Kuniyoshi-Takiyasha_the_Witch_and_the_Skeleton_Spectre.jpg\" alt=\"Utagawa Kuniyoshi Takiyasha_the_Witch_and_the_Skeleton_Spectre\" width=\"1023\" height=\"503\" \/><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>According to the ancient Japanese system of time measurement,the eighth hour, yatsudoki, corresponded to our 2 after midnight.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Each Japanese hour was equal to two European hours,so there were only six hours instead of twelve:<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>these six hours were counted backwards, i.e. 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4 \u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>So the ninth\u00a0 hour corresponded to our midday or midnight,the half past eight was our one o&#8217;clock,<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>eight o&#8217;clock was our two o&#8217;clock.Two after midnight, called also the hour of the ox,was the Japanese hour of spirits and ghosts.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Hugo Von Hofmannsthal<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/miwa-yanagi-windswept-woman.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/miwa-yanagi-windswept-woman.jpg\" alt=\"miwa yanagi windswept woman\" width=\"500\" height=\"708\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/miwa-yanagi-windswept-woman.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/miwa-yanagi-windswept-woman-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Eight million deities exist in the world, and we are constantly surrounded by spirits.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to Shinto, the animist religion of Prehistoric Japan, the human beings, after death, go to a parallel reality, coexistent with our dimension, taking the form of ghosts, gods or other entities. If the rituals of purification of the deceased are not made in strict accordance with the rules, the dead transform into <em>yuurei<\/em>, which are ghosts confined in the place they lived. The <em>yuurei<\/em> is a creature completely absorbed by a desire: it can be exorcised only after its desire has been fulfilled.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Yoshitoshi-ryakuga-by-Tsukioka-Yoshitoshi-1882.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-5403\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Yoshitoshi-ryakuga-by-Tsukioka-Yoshitoshi-1882.jpg\" alt=\"Yoshitoshi ryakuga by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (1882)\" width=\"1070\" height=\"785\" \/><\/a> In the land of the Rising Sun, the shadows are mostly of female gender and, unlike the occidental setting -which prefers the winter-frost- they usually show up in the summer heat. Demons with a long neck, <em>oni<\/em> with great claws, mischievous\u00a0 <em>tengu<\/em> with bird heads, stupefying <em>yukai<\/em>, the Japanese after-world is\u00a0 unsettled, changeable, shifting, eclectic. Its ghosts are usually called <em>bakemono<\/em>, which means \u201cthing that transforms itself\u201d. <strong>Katsushika Hokusai <\/strong>has often represented <em>rokurokubi<\/em>, vampire-women with a neck which can extend for many metres. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/hokusai_rokurokubi1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2082\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/hokusai_rokurokubi1.jpg\" alt=\"hokusai_rokurokubi\" width=\"500\" height=\"948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/hokusai_rokurokubi1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/hokusai_rokurokubi1-158x300.jpg 158w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/yoshitoshi-Adachi_Moor1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2083\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/yoshitoshi-Adachi_Moor1.jpg\" alt=\"yoshitoshi Adachi_Moor\" width=\"1019\" height=\"2437\" \/><\/a>The Nineteenth Century artist <strong>Tsukioka Yoshitoshi<\/strong> &#8211; who achieved success after contaminating the floating world with extremely elegant images of blood and torture-\u00a0 dedicates a series of prints to thirty-six famous ghost stories. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Yoshitoshi_The_Enlightenment-Thirty-Six-Ghosts.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5404\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Yoshitoshi_The_Enlightenment-Thirty-Six-Ghosts.jpg\" alt=\"Yoshitoshi_The_Enlightenment, Thirty-Six Ghosts\" width=\"1030\" height=\"1531\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Thirty-Six-Ghosts-Yoshitoshi.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Thirty-Six-Ghosts-Yoshitoshi.jpg\" alt=\"Thirty-Six Ghosts, Yoshitoshi\" width=\"1045\" height=\"1555\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/yoshitoshi-36-ghosts.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5406\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/yoshitoshi-36-ghosts.jpg\" alt=\"yoshitoshi, 36 ghosts\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1195\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/yoshitoshi.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5407\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/yoshitoshi.jpg\" alt=\"yoshitoshi\" width=\"616\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/yoshitoshi.jpg 616w, https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/yoshitoshi-205x300.jpg 205w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 616px) 100vw, 616px\" \/><\/a><strong>Maruyama Okyo<\/strong>, an <em>ukiyo-e<\/em> master of the Edo period, depicts for the fist time the spectre of Oyuki, a maid killed and thrown in a well for a missing dish. The artist renders her with those features which will constitute the traditional iconography of <em>yuurei. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/ghost_of_oyuki_-Maruyama-Okyo.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5408\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/ghost_of_oyuki_-Maruyama-Okyo.png\" alt=\"ghost_of_oyuki_ Maruyama Okyo\" width=\"426\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/ghost_of_oyuki_-Maruyama-Okyo.png 426w, https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/ghost_of_oyuki_-Maruyama-Okyo-224x300.png 224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\" \/><\/a><\/em>The white kimono <em>katabira <\/em>is typical of the funeral rituals, and also the hairdressing. Adult women in the Japanese tradition wore their hair in a bun, leaving them loose only the day of their funeral. The white dress and the mask of hair have been re-proposed to create the horror icon <strong>Sadako<\/strong> of the <em>Ring<\/em> cycle, composed by a novel (Koji Suzuki, 1991), a movie (Hideo Nakata, 1998) and a remake (Gore Verbinski, 2001).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/samara-the-ring.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5409\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/samara-the-ring.jpg\" alt=\"samara the ring\" width=\"1120\" height=\"631\" \/><\/a>The West has the cultural habit of division, its underworld is closed by impassable <em>limina<\/em>, guarded by ferocious keepers: only exceptional heroes can cross the thresholds, and nothing can go out of them, in any case. In Japan instead, Meido (the world of dead) and Shaba (the world of living) are two parallel dimensions which subsist on the same plane of existence. Their relationship is more fluid, permeable, and their boundaries are less categorical. The in-betweens of these two worlds are not reported, and it\u2019s possible to cross one of them by chance. That\u2019s what happens to Chihiro, the protagonist of <strong><em>Spirited Away<\/em><\/strong> (Hayao Miyazaki, 2001), who all of a sudden gets landed with working in a beauty-farm of ghosts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/un-immagine-tratta-dal-film-la-citta-incantata-spirited-away-1264971.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2088\" title=\"un-immagine-tratta-dal-film-la-citta-incantata-spirited-away-126497\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/un-immagine-tratta-dal-film-la-citta-incantata-spirited-away-1264971.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/un-immagine-tratta-dal-film-la-citta-incantata-spirited-away-1264971.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/un-immagine-tratta-dal-film-la-citta-incantata-spirited-away-1264971-300x162.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/LA_CIT11.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-2087\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/LA_CIT11.jpg\" alt=\"Miyazaki, Spirited away\" width=\"1023\" height=\"563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/LA_CIT11.jpg 1178w, https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/LA_CIT11-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/LA_CIT11-1024x563.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px\" \/><\/a>The fist Westerner who traced a topography of the Japanese netherworld was <strong>Lafcadio Hearn<\/strong>. Journalist in the America of the Nineteenth Century, he writes reports on the outsiders and on the voodoo rituals of New Orleans, getting illegally married with black women. He finally lands to Japan, where he marries the daughter of a distinguished family and becomes a samurai, with the name of Koizumi Yakumo. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Lafcadio-Hearn-JPEG.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5412\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Lafcadio-Hearn-JPEG.png\" alt=\"Lafcadio-Hearn\" width=\"678\" height=\"1010\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Lafcadio-Hearn-JPEG.png 678w, https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Lafcadio-Hearn-JPEG-201x300.png 201w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/a>Lafcadio Hearn wrote many anthologies about spectres and local folklore, and he claimed that \u201cJapan is a land ruled by the dead\u201d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Hearn_Kwaidan.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5411\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Hearn_Kwaidan.jpg\" alt=\"Hearn_Kwaidan\" width=\"834\" height=\"1236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Hearn_Kwaidan.jpg 834w, https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Hearn_Kwaidan-202x300.jpg 202w, https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Hearn_Kwaidan-691x1024.jpg 691w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 834px) 100vw, 834px\" \/><\/a>His <em>Kwaidan<\/em> was reworked by the filmmaker <strong>Masaki Kobayashi<\/strong>, for his homonymous movie. Kwaidan is the word for what is translated \u201chorror\u201d in the West.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Masaki-Kobayashi-Kwaidan-1965.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-5410\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Masaki-Kobayashi-Kwaidan-1965.jpg\" alt=\"Masaki Kobayashi,  Kwaidan , 1965\" width=\"1025\" height=\"572\" \/><\/a>Remaining in the field of visual arts, <em>Tom Na H-Iu<\/em> is a real portal between the world of the dead and the world of the living, made by <strong>Mariko Mori<\/strong>, the queen of Japanese contemporaneous post-human style. In the Celtic mythology, <em>Tom Na H-Iu<\/em> is the limbo where the souls of dead people wait to reincarnate. This piece of art is a megalith made of glass, four and a half metres tall, illuminated by intelligent LED lights. A soft light throbbing in the dark. Plays, auroras, slow biological rhythms. These light sources are regulated by the connection with Super-Kamiokande, a neutrino observatory designed to search for proton decay and to catch the light of supernovas. Each time a star of the Milky Way dies, Mori\u2019s work lights up. Supernovas are the biggest and the most powerful entities of the galaxy, and they go towards death too. The etymological root of desire (fundamental constituent of art, together with fear) is <em>de-siderum<\/em>, in which <em>sidum-sideris <\/em>means star. Life and death are the extreme terms of desire and fear.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/002_ll1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2091\" title=\"002_ll\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/002_ll1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"494\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/002_ll1.jpg 494w, https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/002_ll1-211x300.jpg 211w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Miwa Yanagi<\/strong> represents the <em>Windswept Women<\/em>, defined as \u201cold girls visiting from another world\u201d. Screaming women, surrounded by whirls which stir up their hair, of an indefinable age. Some parts of their bodies are blooming, other ones wizened. There are plastic clouds around them, desolate mountain landscapes, fogs and moonshines. According to the Japanese culture of the past centuries, mountains have often been places of burial, considered holy. Mountains were the places of residence of another kind of beings: <em>kami<\/em> divinities, <em>yukai<\/em> with a grotesque appearance, the <em>oni<\/em> demons, riders of the clouds, the spirits of wind and thunder, and finally <em>Yuma-Uba<\/em>, female cannibal monsters, which constitute the folkloric transposition of a peculiar ancient habit, that is older women abandoned in the mountains by their poor families.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/001_ll2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" size-full wp-image-2080 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/001_ll2.jpg\" alt=\"Miwa Yanagi, Windswept women\" width=\"494\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/001_ll2.jpg 494w, https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/001_ll2-211x300.jpg 211w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/005_ll.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2092\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/005_ll.jpg\" alt=\"Miwa Yanagi, Windswept women\" width=\"494\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/005_ll.jpg 494w, https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/005_ll-211x300.jpg 211w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px\" \/><\/a>The<em> Windswept Women<\/em> seem a sort of synthesis of all these creatures, to demonstrate that in Japan the eighth hour has been repeating for millenniums, always, each night.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Kawanabe-Kyosai.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-5413\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Kawanabe-Kyosai.jpg\" alt=\"Kawanabe Kyosai\" width=\"1020\" height=\"561\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Published on Drome Magazine 19, The Supernatural Issue, spring 2011, p.88<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>According to the ancient Japanese system of time measurement,the eighth hour, yatsudoki, corresponded to our 2 after midnight. Each Japanese hour was equal to two European hours,so there were only six hours instead of twelve: these six hours were counted backwards, i.e. 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4 \u2026 So the ninth\u00a0 hour corresponded to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2079,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>THE EIGHTH HOUR ___ Ghost stories in the artwork of Katsushika Hokusai, Tsukiyoka Yoshitoshi, Maruyama \u014ckyo, Mariko Mori and Miwa Yanagi - Kainowska<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kainowska.com\/sito\/the-eighth-hour-___-ghost-stories-_hokusai-yoshitoshi-okyo-mori-yanagi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"THE EIGHTH HOUR ___ Ghost stories in the artwork of Katsushika Hokusai, Tsukiyoka Yoshitoshi, Maruyama \u014ckyo, Mariko Mori and Miwa Yanagi - Kainowska\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"According to the ancient Japanese system of time measurement,the eighth hour, yatsudoki, corresponded to our 2 after midnight. 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